CEREBRAL STROKE: UNRAVELING THE COMPLEX WEB OF ISCHEMIC INJURY AND NEUROVASCULAR REPAIR

Ruchi Dashora*, Ravina Patidar, Somvardhan Singh Jaitawat, Dr. Siddhraj Singh Sisodia, Aditya Pant

Cerebral ischemic strokes account for 85% of all strokes and are a major global cause of death and disability. Even if reperfusion treatments like thrombolysis and thrombectomy are routine care, the results are still suboptimal because of irreversible neural damage. This review of stroke pathogenesis emphasizes the role and mechanisms of inflammation, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity in the ischemic penumbra. We evaluate diagnostic neuroimaging (CT, MRI, PET) to guide treatment and determine whether tissue is recoverable. Emerging therapies like gene editing, stem cells, mitochondrial-targeted drugs, and nanomedicine have promise for neuroprotection, despite the fact that there are still translational barriers between the bench and the bedside. Customized treatments may be possible with the use of AI and omics-based personalized medicine approaches. The primary areas of focus for the future include the creation of biomarkers, early detection technologies, and public health campaigns targeting modifiable risk factors. To overcome these challenges and improve stroke outcomes worldwide, interdisciplinary collaboration is required.