A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: PATHOGENESIS, RISK FACTORS, AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Reyam Ibraheem Daham, Ola Hatif Hazim*, Maysam Ihsan Ali Al-Hassany

This article examines Alzheimer's disease, a prevalent form of dementia that has increasingly become a significant public health concern as the aging population grows. The discussion commences by elucidating the discovery of Alzheimer's disease and identifying specific brain proteins that serve as indicative markers for the disease. The progression of the disease and the diverse array of factors that can influence its development are expounded upon. Alzheimer's disease risk factors include genetics, environment, lifestyle, and other medical conditions. The disease presents early cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Diagnosis involves a comprehensive approach utilizing medical history, physical exams, tests, and neuroimaging scans. Subsequently, the article delves into current therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's, encompassing pharmacological interventions aimed at symptom management and non-pharmacological strategies like cognitive exercises, physical activity, and support systems for caregivers. Additionally, emerging treatment modalities are mentioned, including immunotherapy, gene therapy, stem cell-based approaches for neural tissue repair, personalized treatment based on genetic profiles, and the integration of various therapeutic approaches. Lastly, the article addresses preventive measures for Alzheimer's disease, advocating for regular exercise, a balanced diet, cognitive engagement, social interaction, cardiovascular health promotion, optimal sleep patterns, continuous monitoring of brain health, lifelong learning practices, and managing additional risk factors. The concluding remarks underscore the significance of early detection and timely intervention in managing Alzheimer's disease and call for further research to enhance treatment options and preventive strategies. Ultimately, the article instills hope for a future where Alzheimer's exerts less impact on individuals and society.