DRUG RESISTANCE: THE ALARM OF NEW CHALLENGE AND ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES

Fadia Falah Hassan*, Rana Alaa Al Aamery, Marwa Khalil Ibrahim

The significant morbidity and mortality resulting from antimicrobial resistance in bacterial infections is a concern within the medical community. The emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria poses a considerable challenge in treatment, as these strains may exhibit resistance even toward conventional medications. Given the lack of efficacious treatments, preventative measures, and novel antibiotics, bacterial infections and their associated diseases present formidable obstacles that necessitate the exploration and development of innovative therapeutic alternatives and alternative antimicrobial agents. Multi-drug resistance is linked to biofilms, which can make infection control difficult. Having enough information and understanding may be the key to controlling MDR. The monitoring of the use of antibiotics and other associated issues requires strict regulatory laws and regulations on a global scale. The major threat posed by MDR must be eliminated, hence multidisciplinary approaches must be taken into consideration. In this review, we made an effort to elaborate on the key elements of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), as well as its effects, processes, regulation, associations, and control measures. The most crucial steps in managing antibiotic resistance are public awareness and education campaigns. Sustainable development aims to eradicate AMR, and we must all work together to do this. The current review focuses on the possible reasons responsible for drug resistance, therapeutic alternatives, and surveillance of the emergence of antibiotic resistance.