THE CANCER: TYPES, THE MECHANISM OF CANER GROWTH AND DIAGNOSIS: A REVIEW

Sarab Dalaf Khalaf*, Marwa M. Mahdi and Rafal Shakir Mahmood

Cancer is a medical term that includes a wide group of diseases that share one characteristic, which is the abnormal growth of cells that divide without control and out of control, where a change occurs in a cell that causes it to deviate from the system that controls the functioning of a healthy cell. Because these cells are abnormal and have hostile and destructive properties and have a tremendous ability to invade and control the body‟s tissues, cancer has become a serious and chronic disease that may affect all organs of the body. It is either a benign tumor covered with fibrous tissue and is non-spreadable and can be removed with surgery or treated with drugs. Or radiation, or it is a malignant tumor that has a tremendous ability to spread through the blood or lymphatic system. Cancer is a major medical problem and one of the leading causes of death around the world. Its classification varies according to the tissue from which it arises and the organs in which the disease develops. The type of tumor is determined by microscopic examinations performed on the tumor cells, and this is sometimes supported by blood. It is usually difficult to determine the causes of the disease, but we know the general causes of cancer. There are many risk factors that can cause this disease, such as obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking, environmental pollution, and others. Although this disease is considered fatal, recovery from it is constantly improving in most types thanks to advances in early detection methods and treatment options. Optimal treatment also includes the involvement of doctors and practitioners from other specialties such as pathology, radiology, targeted radiation to tumors, pain control, and supportive care. In addition to internal medicine, surgery, and oncology, prevention is the cornerstone of this disease. A radical change in lifestyle will preserve health.