UNDERSTANDING PCOS: CONTEMPORARY INSIGHTS AND APPROACHES TO TREATMENT

Archana Panigrahy, Jajnadatta Panda*

A hormonal imbalance describes polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), as it is more often known. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is classified as a heterogeneous condition with a combination of excess androgen and hormonal imbalance. Growing evidence suggests that PCOS is a complex multigenic illness with important environmental and epigenetic factors, including dietary and lifestyle decisions, even if the actual etiology of the condition is still unknown. An ovulation or oligo ovulation, indications of excess androgen such as hirsutism, acne, and many ovarian cysts in the ovaries, are common symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome. The goal of therapy is to induce conception, bring about normal menstruation, and diminish hyperandrogenism's symptoms. When it comes to treating infertility brought on by polycystic ovarian syndrome, letrozole, looks to be more effective than clomiphene citrate, an anti-estrogen, and the standard fertility medication. It can assist patients with maintaining important modifications to their lifestyles, such as reducing fat deposits, improving metabolic processes, and improving reproductive health when provided by a multidisciplinary team. The most prevalent type of androgen inhibitor is an oral compound contraceptive, which is the chosen treatment for PCOS patients who do not want to become pregnant. Women with PCOS should focus on reducing weight because a healthy diet and regular physical activity can boost metabolism, improve insulin sensitivity, and effectively induce loss of weight. PCOS symptoms other than reproductive issues include chronic mild to moderate inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance (IR). The pathophysiological mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of PCOS are now better understood.