A COGNIZANCE ON IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO SCREENING TECHNIQUES FOR ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY

Sarojini Nayak*, Durga Madhab Kar, N. Saroj Kumar Choudhury

Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects a large number of people worldwide and is a metabolic and endocrine issue. Human diet and lifestyle have undergone drastic changes lately, causing a range of diseases and chronic disorders, notably metabolic diseases such as obesity as a result. The absence of insulin characterizes this condition, which is linked to hyperglycemia. It remains a challenge to find unique drugs that treat the disorder with new properties. There is no cure for diabetes; however, if ignored, hyperglycemia can cause permanent damage to the blood vessels, neurons, and many other systems in the body, including the nervous system. The goal of the current review is to examine all published models and innovative approaches. This review mentions screening new antidiabetic drugs in vivo, in vitro and cell line technique. Streptozotocin and Alloxan are commonly used in vivo as chemicals, but apart from these chemicals, Dithizone, gold thioglucose, monosodium glutamate, and many more are specified. The artificial insemination technique often includes the α-amylase restriction measure and the α-glucosidase inhibition examination, which are frequently discussed in various papers. However, other tests, such as the insulin emission test, are also described. Cell line methods such as isolated pancreatic islet cell line, insulinoma cell line, and countless techniques are present in this article. Counter-diabetic action of different specialists in cell line models adds to giving a superior comprehension of diabetes pathogenesis, which thusly will prompt the improvement of new treatments for the illness. The use of viruses for inducing diabetes has become a new technique that can be used in testing anti-diabetic drugs. There are approximately 40.9 million diabetic subjects in India, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF).