ADHD DIAGNOSIS: METHODS, CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES

Rushikesh Sanjay Sonawane*, Prathmesh Sanjay Nere, Sayali Sandip Patil, Tanushree Tulsidas Patil, Dr. Shital J. Patil

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric condition that manifests in childhood and can persist into adulthood, impacting various aspects of life, including academic, occupational, and social functioning. The disorder is characterized by signs of impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention. ADHD’s exact cause is multifactorial, with genetic, neuro symptoms biological, and environmental factors contributing to its development. Brain imaging studies suggest abnormalities in brain regions responsible for attention and impulse control, with neurotransmitter dysregulation, particularly involving dopamine and norepinephrine, playing a key role. ADHD presents differently at various life stages, from inadequate academic achievement in children to difficulty maintaining relationships and employment in adults. Diagnosis involves comprehensive assessments, including interviews, rating scales, and physical exams to exclude other conditions. Treatment options typically include medications (stimulants and non-stimulants) and behavioral therapy, with a combination of approaches often yielding the best outcomes. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving the quality of life for individuals with ADHD.