A REVIEW ON RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

S. Chandra Prakash Reddy*, Sree Mahalakshmi Pasumarthy, K. Hena Jyothsna, P. Angel, M. Pavan Kalyan, Sk. Mehaboob Shareef, Sreenivasulu Munna

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic auto immune disorder characterized by inflammation and progressive damage to joints, particularly the synovial membrane. It affects approximately 1% global population, with a higher incidence in women compared to men. The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis involves the activation of the immune system, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1, which contribute to joint inflammation and destruction. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent long term disability and improve quality of life. Treatment strategies focus on controlling inflammation through disease- modifying antirheumatic drugs, including biological agents and Janus Kinase Inhibitor (JAK inhibitor). The precise cause of the disease is still unknown despite improvements in treatment options; genetic, environmental, and hormonal variables all have a role. Natural herbs are also used to treat the condition. Research is still being conducted to find new biomarkers for early detection, improve individualized treatment plans, and investigate possible curative treatments. An overview of rheumatoid arthritis's current knowledge, clinical care, and research directions is given in this article.