A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE RISK FACTORS AFFECTING THE NEONATAL JAUNDICE

Dr. Falak Naaz*, Ch. Varamahalaxmi, Saeema Kainath, Nida Konain, T. Renuka, A. Jhansi, Dr. Jaganathan Patro

Background: Neonatal jaundice is a common yet potentially serious condition affecting a significant proportion of newborns worldwide. It results from elevated bilirubin levels due to the immature hepatic system or underlying pathological conditions. Early recognition of risk factors is essential for effective management and prevention of complications like kernicterus. Objective: This prospective observational study aimed to identify and assess maternal, neonatal, and genetic risk factors contributing to the development and severity of neonatal jaundice in a tertiary care setting. Methods: A sample of over 250 neonates was studied at the SNCU, Khammam. Data were collected using a pre validated case record form. Key variables included maternal blood group, maternal age, neonatal age at onset, and gender. Results: A+ blood group was the most prevalent among mothers (55.26%). Most neonates (71.43%) presented with jaundice within the first 24 hours of life. Female neonates accounted for 56% of cases. The majority of mothers were aged 19 years, suggesting a higher risk in younger maternal age groups. Conclusion: Neonatal jaundice is influenced by early-onset risk, maternal blood group, and age. Timely screening and awareness among young mothers are crucial for reducing neonatal morbidity.