ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Subhrajeet Dash*, Khipti Gayatri Mallick, Sonali Behera, Subhasmita Das, Monoranjan Sahu and Swadhin Dash

Chronic diseases are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, and chronic inflammation is a major underlying driver of their initiation, progression, and complications. Persistent inflammatory processes contribute to tissue damage and worsen conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and chronic respiratory illnesses. Anti-inflammatory drugs form a cornerstone of chronic disease management by targeting key molecular and cellular pathways to reduce inflammation and limit disease progression. This review examines the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation, highlights major chronic diseases associated with it, and compares the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of different classes of anti-inflammatory drugs, including NSAIDs, corticosteroids, conventional and biologic DMARDs, JAK inhibitors, and emerging novel agents. Clinical trial data, safety considerations, and cost-effectiveness are evaluated alongside non-pharmacological interventions such as diet, physical activity, and stress management. The role of precision medicine, biomarker-guided therapy, and innovative drug delivery systems is discussed as a pathway to more personalized and effective treatment strategies. Understanding the comparative benefits and limitations of anti-inflammatory therapies is essential to optimizing long-term disease control, minimizing adverse effects, and improving patient quality of life.