IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION

Dr. Shaik Salma*, Sk. Sheema, M. Kavya, G. Yagna Sree Aadi Reddy, A. Divya, P. Ramya and Dr. S. Nivedhitha

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) due to accumulation of Cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) within the skull without an identifiable cause such as tumor or hydrocephalus. IIH is also known as pseudotumor cerebri. This condition mainly affected in women and obesity population. The exact etiology remains unclear but obesity, hormonal changes and medications like antibiotics are recognized as risk factors. IIH predominantly affects the brain and optic nerves, leading to symptoms such as headache, papilledema, visual disturbances which can result in permanent vision loss if untreated. Management strategies mainly focus on reducing ICP, maintaining eye vision and weight reduction. The first line therapy includes weight loss and medications like acetazolamide and Topiramate and in severe cases, surgical interventions including optic nerve sheath fenestration or CSF shunting. Lifestyle modifications, including weight loss through regular exercise, can be beneficial in managing patients with IIH. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial to prevent irreversible visual impairment and improve patient outcomes.