WIRELESS CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY: A NON-INVASIVE REVOLUTION IN GI TRACT EXAMINATION

Gaikwad Ashwini, Bhagwat Ajay, Morde Omkar*, Chaudhari Sakshi, Bhor Ishwari

A revolutionary development in gastrointestinal (GI) diagnosis, wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) provides a painless, non-invasive substitute for conventional endoscopy. The whole GI tract, including previously inaccessible areas like the small intestine, may now be seen in real time thanks to the technology. This essay examines the fundamentals, developments in technology, methods of operation, and clinical uses of WCE. It draws attention to how several kinds of capsules—steerable, magnetic, robotic, and hybrid—have evolved to overcome shortcomings in localisation, imaging, and navigation. With the addition of artificial intelligence, wireless power transfer, and active mobility, WCE is still developing despite obstacles including short battery life, slow picture interpretation, and a lack of therapeutic potential. These innovations aim to enhance diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and patient comfort, paving the way for intelligent, multifunctional micro-robotic capsules that combine imaging, sensing, and targeted therapy.