EXPLORING BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN NANOSPONGES AS MULTIDIMENSIONAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS, AND RECENT PATENTS

Rukayya G. Shaikh*, Rohan B. Mane

Background: The development of drug delivery systems is crucial in drug science to enhance therapeutic effects, reduce toxicity, and improve patient compliance. Beta-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges have emerged as efficient drug delivery systems. These robust nanosponges are prepared by cross-linking beta-cyclodextrins, offering unique features like high drug loading capacity, controlled release, and protection from degradation. Their biocompatibility and ability to cross biological barriers make them highly applicable in biomedical fields. Methods: This review provides an in-depth analysis of beta-cyclodextrin nanosponges as versatile drug carriers. It explores coordination polymers, various cross-linking agents, and synthesis techniques such as hot melting, solvent condensation, and ultrasound-assisted synthesis. Key characteristics like size, surface charge, stability, porosity, and encapsulation efficiency are discussed. The review also highlights drug loading, release profiles, and biomedical applications, including solubility enhancement, site-specific delivery, and combination therapy. Conclusion: Beta-cyclodextrin nanosponges hold immense potential in redefining drug delivery strategies due to their versatility. They enhance solubility, stability, and biopharmaceutical properties of BCS class II and IV drugs while enabling site-specific delivery, minimizing toxicity and side effects. Recent trends and patents illustrate ongoing advancements and future prospects in pharmaceutical engineering. These nanosponges could revolutionize therapeutic efficacy across biomedical fields, marking a significant milestone in contemporary pharmaceutics.