ASSESSMENT OF BLOOD SAMPLE INTEGRITY USING WIRELESS SIGNAL DISTORTION AND BIOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION MARKERS DURING TRANSPORTATION DELAYS

Oluwaseun Olatunde*, Bukola Adebayo, Paula Wordie, Folake Oladoyin, Oluwaseun Abegunde, Muyiwa Jegede

We conducted a simulation-based transport-integrity study in which blood-sample delay, thermal exposure, vibration, analyte drift, hemolysis progression, and wireless resonant distortion were solved as one preanalytical system. The computational cohort contained 1,000 transport profiles spanning refrigerated, ambient, and warm conditions with delays between 0 and 24 h. We modeled glucose depletion, potassium increase, lactate dehydrogenase rise, and a hemolysis proxy, then translated those biochemical changes into externally readable resonant shift and quality-factor response. A composite integrity index combined analyte-specific deviation scales into a single acceptability criterion. The full triage model achieved area under the ROC curve 0.990, sensitivity 0.932, specificity 0.928, and F1-score 0.900 on the held-out set. The resonant shift correlated positively with the integrity index at 0.853, while quality factor correlated negatively at − 0.656. In the simulated cohort, refrigerated transport preserved acceptable integrity beyond 24 h, whereas median failure occurred at 15.5 h under the 21°C class and 14.3 h under the 30°C class. Mean glucose at 21°C dropped to 84.0 mg/dL, and mean potassium at 30°C increased to 5.18 mmol/L. The paper is deliberately narrow: it addresses whether a closed sample tube can be screened for transport integrity without opening it, and it reports that question as a finished technical study rather than a review.