UTILIZING PHARMA-GRADE MATERIALS AND STANDARDS IN SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

Trupti Mate, Ajay Bhagwat, Aditya Shinde*, Pooja Pawar

Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic (PV) cells, are devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity. The performance, efficiency, and cost of solar cells are heavily influenced by the materials used in their construction. Over time, various materials have been developed to improve conversion efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs. Traditional silicon-based cells dominate the market due to their high efficiency and stability. However, emerging materials such as perovskites, organic polymers, cadmium telluride (CdTe), and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) are gaining popularity for their low-cost fabrication and lightweight properties. Each material presents unique advantages and challenges in terms of energy conversion, environmental impact, and long-term durability. This paper explores the key materials used in solar cell fabrication, their working mechanisms, and their potential in advancing photovoltaic technology.